Haematuria

Differential diagnosis

• Infection
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Tuberculosis
• Glomerular bleeding
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Thin basement membrane disease
  • Alport’s syndrome
  • Haemorrhagic cyst – polycystic kidney disease
  • Papillary necrosis – sickle cell disease
• Neoplastic
  • Renal cell carcinoma
  • Transitional cell carcinoma (bladder)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (bladder)
• Drugs / iatrogenic
  • Radiation cystitis
  • Haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide)
  • Rifampicin
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Anticoagulation
  • Antiplatelets
  • Renal biopsy
  • Lithotripsy
• Bleeding diathesis
  • Haemophilia
  • von Willibrand’s disease
  • Acquired haemophilia
• Metabolic
  • Malignant hypertension